the advantages of 5 - axis CNC machining compared to 3 - axis CNC machining:

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1. Higher machining accuracy

   • 5 - axis simultaneous machining can reduce errors caused by secondary clamping. In 3 - axis machining, complex parts may need to be clamped multiple times to complete the machining of different surfaces, and there is positioning error in each clamping. However, 5 - axis machining can complete the machining of multiple surfaces in one clamping, improving machining accuracy and positional accuracy.
   • The cutting tool can approach the workpiece at a more ideal angle and posture, avoiding interference between the tool and the workpiece, and achieving more precise cutting. Especially for the machining of complex curved surfaces, it can better ensure the accuracy and finish of the curved surface.

2. Greater machining complexity

   • 3 - axis machining can generally only process simple shapes such as planes, straight lines, and arcs. For complex free - form surfaces like impellers, blades, and molds, the machining difficulty is high or even impossible. 5 - axis machining can control the movement of five coordinate axes simultaneously, enabling the cutting tool to move along a complex curved trajectory, easily achieving the machining of complex curved surfaces.
   • It can realize the machining of inclined surfaces, undercuts, and other special structures. In fields such as aerospace and automotive, for some parts with special structures, like the integral blisks of aircraft engines, 5 - axis machining can complete the machining without using special fixtures.

3. Higher machining efficiency

   • 5 - axis machining can reduce machining time and tool - changing times. Since it can complete more machining tasks in one clamping, it reduces auxiliary times such as clamping and tool - changing, improving production efficiency.
   • Shorter and more rigid cutting tools can be used for machining. Under the same machining parameters, short tools can withstand greater cutting forces, allowing for higher cutting speeds and feed rates, thus increasing the material removal rate and shortening the machining time.

4. Better surface quality

   • 5 - axis machining can make the contact points and cutting forces between the tool and the workpiece more uniform, avoiding surface quality problems caused by changes in cutting forces, such as tool marks and vibration marks, and achieving better surface finish and consistency.
   • According to the shape of the workpiece and the machining requirements, the posture and cutting path of the tool can be adjusted in real - time, making the cutting process more stable and reducing sudden changes in cutting forces, which is conducive to improving the surface quality.

5. Reduced dependence on fixtures

   • 3 - axis machining often requires complex fixtures to achieve machining at some special angles and positions, increasing the cost and difficulty of fixture design and manufacturing. Due to the flexible movement ability of the cutting tool, 5 - axis machining can reduce the need for complex fixtures, reducing fixture costs and clamping difficulties.